Filozofia wobec literatury. Literatura wobec filozofii. Warianty wzajemnych odniesień. Rekonesans

Abstract

The article is an overview of the main instances of relation between literature and philosophy. The historical examples of the reciprocal relation hark back to ancient times (Plato) and span to the time of the philosophers of the twentieth century. The author also asks the questions, among others, about the status of philosophy in a literary text; the modus of using philosophical meanings in a literary text; the realm of relations and mechanisms of creating philosophical meanings in a literary work; the ways of existence of philosophy in a literary work; the methods of creating the philosophical meanings in a text. The problem of mutual relations between literature and philosophy has been presented in analogy to the question of the relationship between literature and theology. The author argues that the presence of philosophy in literary works usually does not have a structured nature. This allows to explore changes in philosophical thought, which lie hidden in the literary text. They can be read off by means of appropriate interpretations. This assumption leads to a proposal to reveal in a literary text a certain locus philosophicus – defined by the author as locus theologicus. This type of approach covers all literary references to philosophy. In this case, the amount of the philosophical meanings in literary work and the method of creating philosophical meanings in literary work are of no hindrance. In addition to the idea of locus philosophicus, the term of a „distributed philosophy” has been introduced too. This term allows to determine the amount of the philosophical meanings in a literary work.